Juneteenth, also known as Freedom Day and Emancipation Day, is a holiday or observance in many US states to celebrate the anniversary of the abolition of slavery in Texas on June 19, 1865.
In the United States, the Emancipation Proclamation came into effect on January 1, 1863. However, at that time some areas were still controlled by the Confederate States, which opposed the abolition of slavery. On June 19, 1865, Union soldiers arrived in Texas to enforce the Emancipation Proclamation and to free all remaining slaves. Juneteenth marks the anniversary of this date and is an opportunity for people to celebrate freedom and equal rights in the United States.
A range of public, community and private events are held to celebrate Juneteenth, often on a weekend close to June 19. These include: baseball games; pot luck outdoor cookouts, barbecues or picnics; workplace lunches; rodeos; neighborhood or block parties; community flag raising ceremonies; Juneteenth displays in city halls, libraries, schools and post offices; essay or artwork competitions for young people; presentations of community service awards; and the distribution of Juneteenth buttons, t-shirts, mugs and bags. Some people also decorate conference rooms or corridors at their workplace, their neighborhood and yards with Juneteenth banners, yard signs and flags to raise awareness of the event.
Public life
Juneteenth is a partial or full state holiday, or an official observance in about half of the US states, including Alaska, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, the District of Columbia, Florida, Idaho, Illinois, Iowa, Louisiana, Kentucky, Massachusetts, Michigan, Missouri, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, Oklahoma, Oregon, Texas, Tennessee, Virginia, Washington and Wyoming.
In some states, people employed by the state have a day off work. Stores, post offices and other organizations and businesses are likely to be open as usual, but some may be closed or have restricted opening hours in some areas. Most public transit services operate to their usual schedule, but there may be some changes. There may be some local disruption to traffic around large scale public events.
Background
In the United States, slavery began shortly after the first English colonists arrived and lasted until the Emancipation Proclamation came into effect on January 1, 1863. On that date Texas was largely controlled by forces fighting for the Confederate States, which opposed the abolition of slavery. On June 19, 1865, Union soldiers arrived to take control of Texas and enforce the emancipation of slaves in the state. In Galveston, Texas, the newly freed slaves held large public celebrations and so laid the base for future Juneteenth activities. The word 'Juneteenth' resulted from the words 'June Nineteenth' being slurred together in speech.
After 1865, Juneteenth was mainly celebrated in Texas. Parks have been established on land bought by former slaves to hold Juneteenth celebrations in the Texan cities of Austin, Houston and Mexia. However, it is now a state holiday or observance in more than half of the US states and there is a campaign for Juneteenth to become a national holiday or observance throughout the nation. Juneteenth celebrations are also held in other countries around the world, including Ghana, Honduras, Japan, Taiwan and Trinidad and Tobago.
Symbols
The Juneteenth flag consists of a rectangle. The lower part of the rectangle is red and the upper part is blue and it has a solid white, five-pointed star at its center. The star is surrounded by a white outline of a 12-pointed star. The Juneteenth flag is often displayed with the United States flag to symbolize that slavery is illegal.
In Texas and some other southern states, the traditional drink on Juneteenth is Big Red soda. This variety of cream soda is a sweet, soft drink flavored with orange and lemon oils and vanilla. It is available in different flavors and with or without caffeine and sugar.
Juneteenth Observances
Weekday
Date
Year
Name
Holiday type
Where it is observed
Thu
Jun 19
1980
Juneteenth
Local observance
MA, MI, AK, MO, CA, NJ, CT, NM, DC, NY, ID, NC, IA, OK, KY, OR, AR, TX, DE, TN, IL, VA, WY, WA, FL, CO, LA
Fri
Jun 19
1981
Juneteenth
Local observance
MA, MI, AK, MO, CA, NJ, CT, NM, DC, NY, ID, NC, IA, OK, KY, OR, AR, TX, DE, TN, IL, VA, WY, WA, FL, CO, LA
Sat
Jun 19
1982
Juneteenth
Local observance
MA, MI, AK, MO, CA, NJ, CT, NM, DC, NY, ID, NC, IA, OK, KY, OR, AR, TX, DE, TN, IL, VA, WY, WA, FL, CO, LA
Sun
Jun 19
1983
Juneteenth
Local observance
MA, MI, AK, MO, CA, NJ, CT, NM, DC, NY, ID, NC, IA, OK, KY, OR, AR, TX, DE, TN, IL, VA, WY, WA, FL, CO, LA
Tue
Jun 19
1984
Juneteenth
Local observance
MA, MI, AK, MO, CA, NJ, CT, NM, DC, NY, ID, NC, IA, OK, KY, OR, AR, TX, DE, TN, IL, VA, WY, WA, FL, CO, LA
Wed
Jun 19
1985
Juneteenth
Local observance
MA, MI, AK, MO, CA, NJ, CT, NM, DC, NY, ID, NC, IA, OK, KY, OR, AR, TX, DE, TN, IL, VA, WY, WA, FL, CO, LA
Thu
Jun 19
1986
Juneteenth
Local observance
MA, MI, AK, MO, CA, NJ, CT, NM, DC, NY, ID, NC, IA, OK, KY, OR, AR, TX, DE, TN, IL, VA, WY, WA, FL, CO, LA
Fri
Jun 19
1987
Juneteenth
Local observance
MA, MI, AK, MO, CA, NJ, CT, NM, DC, NY, ID, NC, IA, OK, KY, OR, AR, TX, DE, TN, IL, VA, WY, WA, FL, CO, LA
Sun
Jun 19
1988
Juneteenth
Local observance
MA, MI, AK, MO, CA, NJ, CT, NM, DC, NY, ID, NC, IA, OK, KY, OR, AR, TX, DE, TN, IL, VA, WY, WA, FL, CO, LA
Mon
Jun 19
1989
Juneteenth
Local observance
MA, MI, AK, MO, CA, NJ, CT, NM, DC, NY, ID, NC, IA, OK, KY, OR, AR, TX, DE, TN, IL, VA, WY, WA, FL, CO, LA
Tue
Jun 19
1990
Juneteenth
Local observance
MA, MI, AK, MO, CA, NJ, CT, NM, DC, NY, ID, NC, IA, OK, KY, OR, AR, TX, DE, TN, IL, VA, WY, WA, FL, CO, LA
Wed
Jun 19
1991
Juneteenth
Local observance
MA, MI, AK, MO, CA, NJ, CT, NM, DC, NY, ID, NC, IA, OK, KY, OR, AR, TX, DE, TN, IL, VA, WY, WA, FL, CO, LA
Fri
Jun 19
1992
Juneteenth
Local observance
MA, MI, AK, MO, CA, NJ, CT, NM, DC, NY, ID, NC, IA, OK, KY, OR, AR, TX, DE, TN, IL, VA, WY, WA, FL, CO, LA
Sat
Jun 19
1993
Juneteenth
Local observance
MA, MI, AK, MO, CA, NJ, CT, NM, DC, NY, ID, NC, IA, OK, KY, OR, AR, TX, DE, TN, IL, VA, WY, WA, FL, CO, LA
Sun
Jun 19
1994
Juneteenth
Local observance
MA, MI, AK, MO, CA, NJ, CT, NM, DC, NY, ID, NC, IA, OK, KY, OR, AR, TX, DE, TN, IL, VA, WY, WA, FL, CO, LA
Mon
Jun 19
1995
Juneteenth
Local observance
MA, MI, AK, MO, CA, NJ, CT, NM, DC, NY, ID, NC, IA, OK, KY, OR, AR, TX, DE, TN, IL, VA, WY, WA, FL, CO, LA
Wed
Jun 19
1996
Juneteenth
Local observance
MA, MI, AK, MO, CA, NJ, CT, NM, DC, NY, ID, NC, IA, OK, KY, OR, AR, TX, DE, TN, IL, VA, WY, WA, FL, CO, LA
Thu
Jun 19
1997
Juneteenth
Local observance
MA, MI, AK, MO, CA, NJ, CT, NM, DC, NY, ID, NC, IA, OK, KY, OR, AR, TX, DE, TN, IL, VA, WY, WA, FL, CO, LA
Fri
Jun 19
1998
Juneteenth
Local observance
MA, MI, AK, MO, CA, NJ, CT, NM, DC, NY, ID, NC, IA, OK, KY, OR, AR, TX, DE, TN, IL, VA, WY, WA, FL, CO, LA
Sat
Jun 19
1999
Juneteenth
Local observance
MA, MI, AK, MO, CA, NJ, CT, NM, DC, NY, ID, NC, IA, OK, KY, OR, AR, TX, DE, TN, IL, VA, WY, WA, FL, CO, LA
Mon
Jun 19
2000
Juneteenth
Local observance
MA, MI, AK, MO, CA, NJ, CT, NM, DC, NY, ID, NC, IA, OK, KY, OR, AR, TX, DE, TN, IL, VA, WY, WA, FL, CO, LA
Tue
Jun 19
2001
Juneteenth
Local observance
MA, MI, AK, MO, CA, NJ, CT, NM, DC, NY, ID, NC, IA, OK, KY, OR, AR, TX, DE, TN, IL, VA, WY, WA, FL, CO, LA
Wed
Jun 19
2002
Juneteenth
Local observance
MA, MI, AK, MO, CA, NJ, CT, NM, DC, NY, ID, NC, IA, OK, KY, OR, AR, TX, DE, TN, IL, VA, WY, WA, FL, CO, LA
Thu
Jun 19
2003
Juneteenth
Local observance
MA, MI, AK, MO, CA, NJ, CT, NM, DC, NY, ID, NC, IA, OK, KY, OR, AR, TX, DE, TN, IL, VA, WY, WA, FL, CO, LA
Sat
Jun 19
2004
Juneteenth
Local observance
MA, MI, AK, MO, CA, NJ, CT, NM, DC, NY, ID, NC, IA, OK, KY, OR, AR, TX, DE, TN, IL, VA, WY, WA, FL, CO, LA
Sun
Jun 19
2005
Juneteenth
Local observance
MA, MI, AK, MO, CA, NJ, CT, NM, DC, NY, ID, NC, IA, OK, KY, OR, AR, TX, DE, TN, IL, VA, WY, WA, FL, CO, LA
Mon
Jun 19
2006
Juneteenth
Local observance
MA, MI, AK, MO, CA, NJ, CT, NM, DC, NY, ID, NC, IA, OK, KY, OR, AR, TX, DE, TN, IL, VA, WY, WA, FL, CO, LA
Tue
Jun 19
2007
Juneteenth
Local observance
MA, MI, AK, MO, CA, NJ, CT, NM, DC, NY, ID, NC, IA, OK, KY, OR, AR, TX, DE, TN, IL, VA, WY, WA, FL, CO, LA
Thu
Jun 19
2008
Juneteenth
Local observance
MA, MI, AK, MO, CA, NJ, CT, NM, DC, NY, ID, NC, IA, OK, KY, OR, AR, TX, DE, TN, IL, VA, WY, WA, FL, CO, LA
Fri
Jun 19
2009
Juneteenth
Local observance
MA, MI, AK, MO, CA, NJ, CT, NM, DC, NY, ID, NC, IA, OK, KY, OR, AR, TX, DE, TN, IL, VA, WY, WA, FL, CO, LA
Sat
Jun 19
2010
Juneteenth
Local observance
MA, MI, AK, MO, CA, NJ, CT, NM, DC, NY, ID, NC, IA, OK, KY, OR, AR, TX, DE, TN, IL, VA, WY, WA, FL, CO, LA
Sun
Jun 19
2011
Juneteenth
Local observance
MA, MI, AK, MO, CA, NJ, CT, NM, DC, NY, ID, NC, IA, OK, KY, OR, AR, TX, DE, TN, IL, VA, WY, WA, FL, CO, LA
Tue
Jun 19
2012
Juneteenth
Local observance
MA, MI, AK, MO, CA, NJ, CT, NM, DC, NY, ID, NC, IA, OK, KY, OR, AR, TX, DE, TN, IL, VA, WY, WA, FL, CO, LA
Wed
Jun 19
2013
Juneteenth
Local observance
MA, MI, AK, MO, CA, NJ, CT, NM, DC, NY, ID, NC, IA, OK, KY, OR, AR, TX, DE, TN, IL, VA, WY, WA, FL, CO, LA
Thu
Jun 19
2014
Juneteenth
Local observance
MA, MI, AK, MO, CA, NJ, CT, NM, DC, NY, ID, NC, IA, OK, KY, OR, AR, TX, DE, TN, IL, VA, WY, WA, FL, CO, LA
Fri
Jun 19
2015
Juneteenth
Local observance
MA, MI, AK, MO, CA, NJ, CT, NM, DC, NY, ID, NC, IA, OK, KY, OR, AR, TX, DE, TN, IL, VA, WY, WA, FL, CO, LA